PRONOUNS : TO REPLACE A SUBJECT OR AN OBJECT OF A VERB

A Pronoun is used to replace a noun.
Personal Pronouns are used to replace the nouns in a sentence.

I scored three goals in the soccer match.  The coach praised me.

Possessive Pronouns are used to show that something belongs to somebody.

This is your book.  It is yours.

 Reflexive Pronouns refer to the subject of the verb.

Baby birds are too young to look after themselves.

Demonstrative Pronouns refer to particular something.

This is my school bag.  Those are my pens. 

Interrogative Pronouns are used to ask questions.

Who broke the vase?

Relative Pronouns are used to show which one you mean.

The woman carried a baby. She was my sister.

The woman who carried a baby was my sister. 

Indefinite Pronouns are used when you are not referring to any particular person.

Someone is at the door.

Reciprocal Pronouns are used when something done by each person of a group to each of the others.

Jane and Billy blame each other for the mistake.

NOUNS : TO WRITE ABOUT A SUBJECT OR AN OBJECT

A sentence must have a subject and a verb.  Some verbs take objects and some don't.  For example:

The telephone rang.

Jim is cooking dinner.

Mr Tan is teaching his pupils mathematics. 

Can you pick out the nouns?  They are 'telephone', 'Jim', 'dinner', 'Mr Tan', 'pupils' and 'mathematics'.  A noun is the name of a person, animal, thing, place or idea.  There are different types of nouns.

Common Nouns are general names.  They can be counted or cannot be counted.  A singular count noun refers to one while a plural count noun refers to more than one.
Proper Nouns are special names that begin with a capital letter.
Collective Nouns refer to groups.
Abstract Nouns refer to ideas, feelings and qualities that you cannot touch.

PARTS OF SPEECH : WHAT DO YOU KNOW?

A sentence is formed by words which can be divided into categories, known as parts of speech. Some words can function as more than one part of speech.  For example, mop can be used as a noun or as a verb.

The mop is dripping wet. (noun)

I mop the floor every morning. (verb)